What is a 'search warrant'?

A search warrant is a legal document that authorizes police officers to search a specific location for evidence related to a crime. It is issued by a judge or magistrate based on a demonstration of probable cause, meaning there is reasonable belief that evidence of a crime will be found at the location specified in the warrant. The issuance of a search warrant is a crucial aspect of maintaining the balance between law enforcement needs and individuals' rights to privacy, ensuring that searches are conducted lawfully and within the bounds of the law.

This legal framework ensures that individuals are protected from arbitrary searches and helps uphold the rule of law within the jurisdiction. The specificity required in a search warrant—such as detailing the location and what evidence is being sought—further reinforces the legal standards that govern police searches.

The other choices do not accurately define a search warrant. For instance, a search warrant is not intended for the arrest of individuals and does not apply in cases where probable cause is lacking. Notifications before an arrest and documents for accessing public records also do not pertain to the purpose or function of a search warrant, which is distinctly focused on searching for evidence in a designated area.